Introduced Version
SENATE BILL No. 411
_____
DIGEST OF INTRODUCED BILL
Citations Affected: IC 35-33-1-3.5; IC 35-33.5.
Synopsis: Wiretap law. Includes additional offenses as designated
offenses for purposes of intercepting electronic communication.
Defines "electronic communication" to include any type of
communication transmitted by a wire, a radio, or an electromagnetic,
a photoelectronic or a photo-optical system, and replaces references to
interception of a telephonic or telegraphic communication with
references to the interception of electronic communication. Permits the
state police department to authorize a law enforcement agency that has
requested the interception of electronic communication to operate or
monitor equipment used to intercept electronic communication under
the supervision of the state police department, and requires a law
enforcement agency on whose behalf the state police department
undertakes the interception of electronic communications to reimburse
the state police department for the department's expenses in connection
with the installation, operation, or monitoring of equipment used to
intercept electronic communication. Establishes a procedure to permit
a warrant for the interception of electronic communication to be issued
without a written affidavit if certain conditions are met, and provides
that a warrant issued without a written affidavit expires not more than
24 hours after it is issued. Makes other changes.
Effective: July 1, 2007.
Hershman
January 11, 2007, read first time and referred to Committee on Corrections, Criminal, and
Civil Matters.
Introduced
First Regular Session 115th General Assembly (2007)
PRINTING CODE. Amendments: Whenever an existing statute (or a section of the Indiana
Constitution) is being amended, the text of the existing provision will appear in this style type,
additions will appear in
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Additions: Whenever a new statutory provision is being enacted (or a new constitutional
provision adopted), the text of the new provision will appear in
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NEW will appear in that style type in the introductory clause of each SECTION that adds
a new provision to the Indiana Code or the Indiana Constitution.
Conflict reconciliation: Text in a statute in
this style type or
this style type reconciles conflicts
between statutes enacted by the 2006 Regular Session of the General Assembly.
SENATE BILL No. 411
A BILL FOR AN ACT to amend the Indiana Code concerning
criminal law and procedure.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Indiana:
SOURCE: IC 35-33.5-1-1; (07)IN0411.1.1. -->
SECTION 1. IC 35-33.5-1-1 IS AMENDED TO READ AS
FOLLOWS [EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2007]: Sec. 1. This article does not
apply to the ordinary course of business pertaining to the operation of
a telephone or telegraph corporation and the use of the services and
facilities furnished by that corporation a business entity that provides
or facilitates electronic communications in accordance with the
corporation's business entity's tariffs.
SOURCE: IC 35-33.5-1-3; (07)IN0411.1.2. -->
SECTION 2. IC 35-33.5-1-3 IS AMENDED TO READ AS
FOLLOWS [EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2007]: Sec. 3. "Designated offense"
means the following:
(1) A Class A, Class B, or Class C felony that is a controlled
substance offense (IC 35-48-4).
(2) Murder (IC 35-42-1-1). while committing or attempting to
commit a controlled substance offense under IC 35-48-4-1
through IC 35-48-4-4.
(3) Kidnapping (IC 35-42-3-2).
(4) Criminal confinement (IC 35-42-3-3).
(5) Robbery (IC 35-42-5-1).
(6) Arson (IC 35-43-1-1).
(7) Child solicitation (IC 35-42-4-6).
(8) Human and sexual trafficking crimes under IC 35-42-3.5.
(9) Escape as a Class B felony or Class C felony
(IC 35-44-3-5).
(10) An offense that relates to a weapon of mass destruction
(as defined in 35-41-1-29.4).
(11) An attempt or conspiracy to commit an offense described
in subsections (1) through 10).
(12) An offense in another jurisdiction that is substantially
similar to an offense described in subdivisions (1) through
(11).
SOURCE: IC 35-33.5-1-3.5; (07)IN0411.1.3. -->
SECTION 3. IC 35-33.5-1-3.5 IS ADDED TO THE INDIANA
CODE AS A NEW SECTION TO READ AS FOLLOWS
[EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2007]: Sec. 3.5. "Electronic communication"
means any transfer of signs, signals, writing, images, sounds, data,
digital information, or intelligence of any nature transmitted in
whole or in part by a wire, a radio, or an electromagnetic, a
photoelectronic, or a photo-optical system.
SOURCE: IC 35-33.5-1-5; (07)IN0411.1.4. -->
SECTION 4. IC 35-33.5-1-5 IS AMENDED TO READ AS
FOLLOWS [EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2007]: Sec. 5. "Interception" means
the intentional
(1) recording of; or
(2) acquisition of the contents of
a telephonic or telegraphic an electronic communication by a person
other than a sender or receiver of that communication, without the
consent of the sender or receiver, by means of any instrument, device,
or equipment under this article. This term includes the intentional
recording or acquisition of communication through the use of a
computer or a FAX (facsimile transmission) machine. The term does
not include recording or acquiring the contents of a radio
transmission that is not:
(1) scrambled or encrypted;
(2) transmitted using modulation techniques whose essential
parameters have been withheld from the public with the
intention of preserving the privacy of the communication;
(3) carried on a subcarrier or other signal subsidiary to a
radio transmission;
(4) transmitted over a communication system provided by a
common carrier, unless the communication is a tone only
paging system communication; or
(5) transmitted on frequencies allocated under part 25,
subpart D, E, or F of part 74, or part 94 of the Rules of the
Federal Communications Commission, unless, in the case of
a communication transmitted on a frequency allocated under
part 74 that is not exclusively allocated to broadcast auxiliary
services, the communication is a two-way voice
communication by radio.
SOURCE: IC 35-33.5-1-6; (07)IN0411.1.5. -->
SECTION 5. IC 35-33.5-1-6 IS AMENDED TO READ AS
FOLLOWS [EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2007]: Sec. 6. "Warrant" means a
warrant authorizing the interception of telephonic or telegraphic
electronic communication under this article.
SOURCE: IC 35-33.5-2-1; (07)IN0411.1.6. -->
SECTION 6. IC 35-33.5-2-1 IS AMENDED TO READ AS
FOLLOWS [EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2007]: Sec. 1. (a) A prosecuting
attorney
or, if the prosecuting attorney is unavailable, a chief
deputy prosecuting attorney specifically authorized by the
prosecuting attorney, may submit an application for a warrant or an
extension to a circuit or superior court where:
(1) the county that the prosecuting attorney represents is located;
and
(2) the communication subject to the warrant is anticipated to be
sent or received.
The prosecuting attorney
or authorized chief deputy prosecuting
attorney may not delegate the responsibility of applying for a warrant
or an extension to
a another deputy prosecuting attorney.
(b) One (1) of the following persons must serve as a coapplicant for
a warrant or an extension under subsection (a):
(1) The superintendent of the state police department.
(2) The police chief of a consolidated city where the
communication subject to the warrant is anticipated to be sent or
received.
(3) The sheriff of the county containing a consolidated city where
the communication subject to the warrant is anticipated to be sent
or received.
(c) Only the state police department may install
operate, or monitor
any equipment
device, or instrument for the purpose of intercepting a
telephonic or telegraphic used to intercept an electronic
communication under this chapter.
(d) The state police department may:
(1) operate or monitor equipment used to intercept an
electronic communication; or
(2) if the interception of an electronic communication is
performed on behalf of another law enforcement agency,
permit the law enforcement agency to operate or monitor the
equipment under the supervision of the department.
(e) If the interception of an electronic communication is
performed on behalf of another law enforcement agency, the law
enforcement agency shall reimburse the department for the
department's expenses in connection with the installation,
operation, and maintenance of equipment used to intercept an
electronic communication.
SOURCE: IC 35-33.5-2-2; (07)IN0411.1.7. -->
SECTION 7. IC 35-33.5-2-2 IS AMENDED TO READ AS
FOLLOWS [EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2007]: Sec. 2. (a)
Except as
provided in section 3.5 of this chapter, an application for a warrant
or extension must be made in writing and upon oath or affirmation.
Each application must also include the following:
(1) The identity of the persons submitting the application.
(2) An affidavit setting forth the facts relied upon by an applicant
to show why a warrant should be issued or an extension granted,
including the following:
(A) Facts establishing probable cause for the belief that a
designated offense allegedly has been, is being, or may be
committed.
(B) A description of the nature and location of the facility,
or
place,
or device from which the communication is to be
intercepted.
(C) The identity, if known, of the person allegedly committing
the designated offense whose communication is to be
intercepted.
(D) A description of the type of communication to be
intercepted.
(3) A statement specifying that other investigative procedures:
(A) have been tried and failed; or
(B) may not succeed or are too dangerous to attempt.
(4) A statement of the duration necessary for the interception.
However, if the applicant requests that the authorization for
interception not automatically terminate once the described type
of communication is initially obtained, the application must also
include a description of facts supporting the belief that additional
communications of the same type will occur.
(5) A statement of facts and any action taken by the court
concerning any previous application for a warrant or an extension
that:
(A) has been made to a court under this article;
(B) sought to obtain communications from any of the same
persons, places, or facilities as the current application; and
(C) is known to exist by the persons making the current
application.
(6) If it is reasonably necessary to make a secret entry upon
private property to install an interception device, a statement
describing the following:
(A) The private property.
(B) Who owns and who occupies the private property.
(C) The reasons necessitating secret entry.
(b) In addition to the information required in subsection (a), if an
application is for an extension, the application must contain a statement
setting forth the results obtained from the original warrant or a
reasonable explanation of the failure to obtain results under the original
warrant.
(c) The court may require an applicant to furnish additional
testimony or evidence in support of an application.
SOURCE: IC 35-33.5-2-3.5; (07)IN0411.1.8. -->
SECTION 8. IC 35-33.5-2-3.5 IS ADDED TO THE INDIANA
CODE AS A
NEW SECTION TO READ AS FOLLOWS
[EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2007]:
Sec. 3.5. (a) A court may issue a
warrant without the affidavit required under section 2 of this
chapter, if the court receives sworn testimony of the same facts
required for an affidavit:
(1) in a nonadversarial, recorded hearing before the judge;
(2) orally by telephone or radio; or
(3) in writing by facsimile (fax) transmission.
In addition, the prosecuting attorney or, if the prosecuting attorney
is unavailable, a chief deputy prosecuting attorney specifically
authorized by the prosecuting attorney, shall inform the court that
a person described in section 1(b) of this chapter has agreed to
serve as a coapplicant of the warrant. The prosecuting attorney or
authorized chief deputy prosecuting attorney may not delegate the
responsibility of applying for a warrant to another deputy
prosecuting attorney.
(b) After the affiant recites the facts required for an affidavit
and verifies the facts recited under penalty of perjury, a
prosecuting attorney or chief deputy prosecuting attorney who
applies for a warrant under subsection (a)(2) shall read to the
court from a warrant form on which the prosecuting attorney or
chief deputy prosecuting attorney enters the information read by
the affiant to the court. The court may direct the prosecuting
attorney or chief deputy prosecuting attorney to modify the
warrant. If the court agrees to issue the warrant, the court shall
direct the prosecuting attorney or chief deputy prosecuting
attorney to sign the judge's name to the warrant, adding the time
of the issuance of the warrant.
(c) After transmitting an affidavit, a prosecuting attorney or
chief deputy prosecuting attorney who applies for a warrant under
subsection (a)(3) shall transmit to the court a copy of a warrant
form completed by the prosecuting attorney or chief deputy
prosecuting attorney. The court may modify the transmitted
warrant. If the court agrees to issue the warrant, the court shall
transmit to the applicant a duplicate of the warrant. The judge
shall then sign the warrant retained by the court, adding the time
of the issuance of the warrant.
(d) If a warrant is issued under subsection (a)(2), the court shall
record the conversation and order the court reporter to type or
transcribe the recording for entry in the record. The court shall
certify the recording, the transcription, and the warrant retained
by the court for entry in the record.
(e) If a warrant is issued under subsection (a)(3), the court shall
order the court reporter to retype or copy the facsimile
transmission for entry in the record. The court shall certify the
transcription or copy and warrant retained by the court for entry
in the record.
(f) The court reporter shall notify the prosecuting attorney or
chief deputy prosecuting attorney who received a warrant under
subsection (a)(2) or (a)(3) when the transcription or copy required
under this section is entered in the record. The prosecuting
attorney or chief deputy prosecuting attorney shall sign the typed,
transcribed, or copied entry upon receiving notice from the court
reporter.
SOURCE: IC 35-33.5-2-5; (07)IN0411.1.9. -->
SECTION 9. IC 35-33.5-2-5 IS AMENDED TO READ AS
FOLLOWS [EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2007]: Sec. 5. Within twenty-eight
(28) days after the termination of a warrant or an extension, or the
denial of an application for a warrant or an extension, the court to
which application for the warrant or an extension was made shall
submit a report to the executive director of the division of state court
administration (IC 33-24-6-1) containing the following information:
(1) The fact that a warrant or an extension was applied for.
(2) The type of warrant or extension applied for.
(3) The fact that the application for a warrant or an extension was
granted, modified, or denied.
(4) The duration authorized for interception by the warrant and
the number and duration of any extensions.
(5) The designated offense for which the warrant or extension was
issued or applied for.
(6) The identity of the persons who applied for the warrant or
extension.
(7) The nature and location of the place, or facility, or device
from which communications were to be intercepted.
(8) The reasons for withholding notice under IC 35-33.5-4-3, if
the notice was withheld.
SOURCE: IC 35-33.5-3-1; (07)IN0411.1.10. -->
SECTION 10. IC 35-33.5-3-1 IS AMENDED TO READ AS
FOLLOWS [EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2007]: Sec. 1. (a) A court may enter
an order authorizing a warrant or an extension if, based on the facts
submitted by an applicant, the court determines the following:
(1) Probable cause exists to believe that the person whose
communications are to be intercepted is committing, has
committed, or may commit a designated offense.
(2) Communications concerning the designated offense identified
in the warrant application are likely to be obtained through the
requested interception.
(3) Exigent circumstances are present that require the
preservation of secrecy where there is a reasonable likelihood that
a continuing investigation would be prevented if a person subject
to investigation was alerted to the fact that the investigation was
occurring.
(4) A place, or facility, or device from which communications are
to be intercepted is:
(A) being used or about to be used by;
(B) listed in the name of;
(C) leased to; or
(D) commonly used by;
a person who is committing, has committed, or may commit a
designated offense.
(5) Investigative procedures:
(A) have been tried but have failed;
(B) are unlikely to succeed; or
(C) are too dangerous to attempt.
(b) In making a determination of probable cause required under
subsection (a)(1) before a warrant may be issued by the court, the court
may examine under oath any person. The court shall order the court
reporter to:
(1) prepare a verbatim transcript of an examination made under
this subsection; and
(2) attach the transcript to the application for the warrant.
(c) In making a determination of probable cause required under
subsection (a)(1) before a warrant may be issued by the court, if there
is no corroborative evidence offered in support of the allegation of
probable cause, the court shall inquire in camera concerning:
(1) the identity of any informants; or
(2) any additional information the court considers relevant to a
determination of probable cause to believe that the person whose
communications are to be intercepted is committing, has
committed, or may commit a designated offense.
(d) The court may modify the application and authorize a warrant or
an extension that is more limited in authority for interception than the
warrant or extension that was requested by the applicant.
SOURCE: IC 35-33.5-3-2; (07)IN0411.1.11. -->
SECTION 11. IC 35-33.5-3-2 IS AMENDED TO READ AS
FOLLOWS [EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2007]: Sec. 2. A court that issues
a warrant or an extension shall specify the following information in the
warrant:
(1) The identity of the law enforcement agency that the warrant
directs to make the interception.
(2) The identity of the person, if known, whose communication is
to be intercepted.
(3) The nature and location of the facility, or place, or device
from which the communication is to be intercepted.
(4) The type of communication to be intercepted and a statement
of the designated offense to which the communication relates.
(5) That the interception must be conducted in a manner that
minimizes the interception of communication that:
(A) is not relevant to the designated offense; and
(B) is not authorized by the warrant or extension.
(6) That methods required by the court to minimize the
interception of irrelevant communications include the immediate
termination by a law enforcement officer of the recording of a
communication that is clearly irrelevant to the investigation of a
designated offense.
(7) The duration during which the interception is authorized,
including a statement as to whether the interception automatically
terminates once the described communication is initially
obtained.
SOURCE: IC 35-33.5-4-1; (07)IN0411.1.12. -->
SECTION 12. IC 35-33.5-4-1 IS AMENDED TO READ AS
FOLLOWS [EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2007]: Sec. 1. (a) A court may not
authorize interception under a warrant or an extension for a period
longer than is necessary to achieve the objective of the warrant or
extension.
Except as provided in subsection (d), a warrant and each
extension may authorize interception for not more than fourteen (14)
days. A court that issues a warrant or an extension shall order that the
authorized interception must:
(1) occur within three (3) days after the court issues the warrant
or extension;
(2) be conducted in a manner that minimizes the interception of
a communication that is clearly irrelevant to the investigation of
a designated offense; and
(3) terminate upon completion of the authorized objective or
within fourteen (14) days after the interception begins, whichever
occurs first.
(b) A court may grant not more than three (3) extensions.
(c) A warrant or an extension may direct that a person immediately
furnish an applicant all information, facilities, and technical assistance
within that person's control necessary to accomplish the interception
with a minimum of interference with the services that the person is
furnishing to the person whose communication is to be intercepted. The
applicant shall compensate a person furnishing facilities or technical
assistance to the applicant at the prevailing rates.
(d) A warrant issued under section 3.5 of this chapter expires
after twenty-four (24) hours, unless:
(1) the court that issued the warrant established a shorter
period of expiration; or
(2) the warrant is extended in accordance with section 2 of
this chapter.
A warrant extended in accordance with section 2 of this chapter
expires as described in subsection (a).
SOURCE: IC 35-33.5-5-2; (07)IN0411.1.13. -->
SECTION 13. IC 35-33.5-5-2 IS AMENDED TO READ AS
FOLLOWS [EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2007]: Sec. 2. (a) The contents of
an authorized interception under this article shall be
mechanically or
electronically recorded. Immediately upon the expiration of the warrant
or extension, the court shall order that recordings be sealed. The court
shall determine who is entitled to custody of the recordings. The court
shall order that the recordings be kept for at least ten (10) years. The
recordings may be destroyed after ten (10) years only upon an order of
the court that issued the warrant.
(b) A warrant or an extension granted under this article, as well as
the application for a warrant or extension, shall be sealed by the court
to which the application is made. The court shall determine who is
entitled to custody of the application and warrant or extension. An
application and a warrant or an extension shall be disclosed only upon
a showing of good cause before the issuing court. The court shall order
that the application and warrant or extension may not be destroyed for
at least ten (10) years after the date granted, and then only upon the
order of the court that issued the warrant.
SOURCE: IC 35-33.5-5-6; (07)IN0411.1.14. -->
SECTION 14. IC 35-33.5-5-6 IS AMENDED TO READ AS
FOLLOWS [EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2007]: Sec. 6. Telephone or
telegraph companies, their officers, agents, landlords, custodians, or
other persons who provide information, facilities, or technical
assistance in accordance with this article The following persons are
immune from civil and criminal liability for an act or omission that
relates to the provision of information, facilities, or technical
assistance in accordance with this article:
(1) A person who provides services that relate to the provision
of electronic communication.
(2) An employee, an officer, an agent, or a contractor of a
person described in subdivision (1).
(3) A landlord, a custodian, a property owner, or other person
who provides assistance in the interception of an electronic
communication.
SOURCE: IC 35-33.5-3-3; (07)IN0411.1.15. -->
SECTION 15. IC 35-33.5-3-3 IS REPEALED [EFFECTIVE JULY
1, 2007].